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We live in the age of stars

Astronomers Fred Adams and Gregory Laughlin divided the life of the universe into five eras. The second is the Stelliferous Era, the age of stars. It began a few hundred million years after the Big Bang and will last about a hundred trillion years. We are 13.8 billion years in.

Measured that way, the universe is very young, and so is our understanding of it. Most of what we know about dark energy, exoplanets and gravitational waves was learned in the last thirty years. Much of it is changing right now.

What this site is for

The Orbital Record is a reference hub for that science: a record of what we have learned about the universe and how we learned it. It collects the landmark papers that built modern astronomy and explains each one plainly, follows the discoveries that matter today, and shows where research is heading.

How we work

Everything links to its source. Numbers are checked before they are published. We run no ads and no tracking pixels. Read the details in sources and method.

The Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula seen by Webb in near-infrared light: towering columns of gas dotted with newborn stars.
The Pillars of Creation, a stellar nursery in the Eagle Nebula, seen by Webb. NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI.